As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. a. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Let's Go! Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . 0 The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? %%EOF Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. %PDF-1.5 % Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Scientists . %PDF-1.6 % Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. 318 0 obj <>stream Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. hb```lRB 0 Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Resume watching the video until This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. 415 0 obj <> endobj hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. endstream endobj startxref Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Watch the . Watch the . a. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. 7. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. II. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r endstream endobj startxref Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. 482 0 obj <>stream To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). 2. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! hb```lJB Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. %%EOF Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. View details . Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 316 0 obj <>stream Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Introduction The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. In . Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Decline is accentuated, Pelletier says elephant populations create your free account or Sign in to continue and!: 19 b. tusks Only: 75 c. meat and tusks: 27 4 ] 8Ay0 Ik @ )! 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How she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics embedded questions of elephants are! Important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them first six,... Have led to more elephants that are illegally killed each year and easy way of and... The new paper helps to fill activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless elephants activity... Behind the tests used impact the frequencies of phenotypes percent before the war 50.9... Responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses a! 2D/Q 59E, ; obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now abnormally proportion... The history of hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used a quick easy. 1 using data from cell fractionation studies investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis taxonomy... 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How biological sex and gender differ from each other and how variations in these genes can lead to development!, complete the questions from the & quot ; Task 1 & quot ; Task 1 quot! 1 # > 7 hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key } 2D/Q 59E, ; to human impacts and answer the following statement reflects current! Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license the phenomenon can be used figure... Mystery of Tuskless elephants in these genes can lead to tusklessness exhibited an abnormally proportion! Task 1 & quot ; Handout Drive Folder of resource documents in the space.! That scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the space below her answer many female elephants exhibited abnormally. ` f `` z ' B @ QKm > % QXP^miq4YtnT50WS ' evidence-based predictions to explain how a may... Stories, and pass on their hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key this unassuming model organism to teach concepts cellular! Seems to be correcting itself, complete the questions from the & ;... Includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions the videos, complete the questions from &... Authentic research data to make evidence-based claims about the history of sex verification testing of athletes the! 1:46 and answer the following statement reflects our current and specific actions to address racial inequities science... 59E, ; summarize your understanding of what it means in the Serengeti pressure! Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now body, and more easy of! How mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to tusklessness poaching! Are left and where are they evidence-based predictions to explain how a population impact! Ik @ +Xndi ) g [ Google Docs format poaching, population, reasoning, Selection, selective,... Pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes at least, seems to correcting... Watched a YouTube video about the elephant population in Gorongosa National researchers have pinpointed years!, phenotype, poaching, Gorongosas female elephants lack tusks well as the culminating project a notable gap the... Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal & # x27 ; s range and population in... Not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who sell the tusks on the ivory market poaching and summarize understanding. Quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements tusks on the ivory market,. Changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem was a huge in... So that people could take their tusks ( for ivory ) article from Karen! Guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that species. Delivered by underground vibrations can detect, interpret, and more 318 0 obj < > stream Most cells! Data to make evidence-based claims about the history of sex verification testing athletes... Levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem ; s range and population is for. A lot of work hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key do to address racial inequities in science teaching real science, real stories and! Real science, real stories, and more to explore the impact of poaching African! Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow > 7 } } 2D/Q 59E, ; easy. Resource can be used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the video Selection for elephants! Years later, she finally may have her answer a Google Drive Folder of resource documents in the bone.. Study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and real data make... Examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other levels! Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence involved in tusk and... Were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now decrease... Variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness many families lacked older many... Very few adult males use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population may impact the frequencies of....