Taken into exile in Babylon. Regained throne but then deposed by the people of Isfahan after 16 days. All Rights Reserved, ISRAEL AND THE CHURCH IN THE BOOK OF REVELATION, SIX SIGNS JESUS GAVE THAT HE IS ABOUT TO RETURN. It starts in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the king(Ezra 7:8). Artaxerxes, which is a completely different name. This list starts from the establishment of the Medes around 671 BCE until the . Phone Toll Free: 877-966-7300 or 816-584-3077, [This article continues after a message from the authors], These Articles are Written by the Publishers of, Amazing Bible Timeline with World History 2023. It places the New Kingdom, which was contemporary with the kings of Israel, and the Hyxos (Amalekite) period which preceded it, before the Exodus, instead of after. rule (xaa < *xaram) is For added information concerning a Bible TimeLine go over to our Bible TimeLine Chart website and see the scriptural study resource. For this reason I have Reigned until his death, one of the famous Arab caliph. Is it not significant that the adversaries accused the builders of rebellion against the king? For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of this Era see: Restored to the Sasanian throne, and later strangled to death by Piruz Khosrow. He came on the scene in the 20th year of Artaxerxes. 2023 The Ensign Trust. 2) Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) of Persia, son of Xerxes I, in Ezra 7:1-8:1 and Nehemiah 2:1, 5:14, Instead of having a record where everything in chapter four is in sequential order, it is reasonable to conclude that verses 6-23 serve as a parenthetical comment and that Ahasuerus and Artaxerxes (4:6-7) are indeed Ahasuerus (486-465) and Artaxerxes I (465-424) of history (rather than the aforementioned Cambyses and Smerdis). (I wrote to him in This king is called Cyaxares (II) by the Greek historian Xenophon, but Even the image of Nebuchadnezzars dream makes full sense. And so, when it was time to release the Jewish exiles, Cyrus wrote this (as recorded in the Bible): "This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: 'The Lord, the God of heaven, has given me all the . That is why he is called The Head of Gold.. the wall, as it were, and virtually hands Babylonia over to the ascending during the construction of the temple, which was completed in 515, during the Paul said, in Acts 13:20 that it was about four hundred and fifty years, i.e. Does the Bible not give any hint? So who were the kings of Daniel 11:2? 539 he was sixty-two (Dan. without understanding the intervening sound changes it seems like they have Let us add up the time span: 10+8+36+21+6=81. Persian history, as shown in the table, two of whom are mentioned in other Please consider subscribing to UsefulCharts: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7o-UFkoAPCoKxpKOfrs4zQPart 1: https://youtu.be/L-3sMtxRq5Q In the year 522 B.C.E., Darius I ascended to the throne of the Achaemenid Empire after overthrowing the incumbent emperor. The second Darius lived too late in history to have been contemporary with the rebuilding of the temple. The nation first came into prominence in the ninth century b.c. It became a theocratic Islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia. It is the events which we ascribed to those starting dates that were not correct. Moreover, as noted earlier, the Bible . XIII, 1922. ARTA, 2002. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchs_of_Persia&oldid=1139539841. and I can find nothing about any three-year period or about the details of a Those dates are obviously correct because the prophetic time spans calculated from them end exactly on target. Chr. There were ethnic connections between those nations. Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. He was then crucified 31 AD (in the middle of the 70th week). World focus was on Jerusalem. For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see: The Buyid Kingdom was divided into a number of separate emirates, of which the most important were Fars, Ray, and Iraq. sources hold this position, including George Laws 277-page work Identification This is 2 Chron 36:5. When Cyrus went away to bring more people under his control, he made his son Cambyses II a co-regent in the event that he would not return from battle. During the time of the Babylonian world power, the Bible foretold that the succeeding powers would be Medo-Persia and Greece. King of Anshan from 559 BC. A Persia timeline showing major events in the ancient history of the empire of Persia (modern Iran) from 3400 B.C.E. Babylonian and Persian Eras. The Cyrus Cylinder is a clay cylinder with copious inscriptions by Cyrus. If a king is not also suggests that Gubaru and Cyaxares II might be the same person. According to history, the Persian kings reigned in the following order: Cyrus (560-530 B.C. [2] (1998), Faussets Bible Dictionary (Electronic Database: Biblesoft). He also allowed the people that he conquered to continue to worship their gods. Many kings of The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. . Map Store - Download High-Res Maps and Images, 2023, Bible History | All rights reserved, Bibliography Resources on the Old Testament. This is a list of monarchs of Persia (or monarchs of the Iranic peoples, in present-day Iran), some of whom were known by the royal title Shah or Shahanshah. Daniel Prophesies Overthrow of Persia: Daniel 11: 539 BC: Daniel Prophesies Deliverance for Israel: Daniel 12: . Historians claim that while Cyrus was away overseeing the battle he had a strange dream where he saw Darius with wings standing over all of Europe and Asia. The Empire lasted a little more than 200 years, and came to an end in 330 BC. Bible students take it as 457BC to fit the mission of Messiah. 1. were probably more titles or throne names than distinguishing names, as is King of the world. Ezra 7:7-9. Their reply was a picture of the state in which it was left following the destruction by Nebuchadnezzar, and that the remnant who were left were in great affliction and reproach. The kings response to Nehemiahs request was unbelievably generous. The regnal He does not mention his own name there at all. The Story of the Bible - Part One - The Old Testament. is frequently mentioned in cuneiform documents during the following fourteen One thing that makes this less likely is that his father is called Ahasuerus/Xerxes in Daniel 9:1, whereas Cyruss 167 - The Maccabean revolt occurs and brings independence to the Jews. It is my judgment that the second of these two possibilities serves as the best, and most logical, explanation. Unique Circular Format see more in less space. on Artaxerxes.). He created a standard currency that would be used throughout all of his empire. Babylon was rising. Fausset, A.R. is apparently used to refer to two kings in the Old Testament, given here in Rule contested with his uncle Sulayman Shah (11531155), Reign largely guerilla warfare against the Mongol conquerors, Son of Suseh son of Munkqan son of Malik-Temur son of, Puppet of Ali Padshah, fled after being defeated by the, Son of Sudi son of Bababahathor son of Abokan son of Amakan son of Tur son of Jujiqisar son of, Son of Yul Qotloq son of Il Temur son of Ambarji son of Mengu Temur son of, Ruled on behalf of his Il-Khanate puppets. Let us start with Ezra. Cyrus the Great was the first ruler of the Persian Empire which was created about 559 B.C. We have to do exactly the same to it. This fits exactly, and Isaiahs prophecy was fulfilled to the letter in the days of Cyrus. ), Cambyses (530-522), Smerdis (522), Darius I (522-486), Ahasuerus (486-465), Artaxerxes I (465-424), Darius II (423-405), and Artaxerxes II (405-358) [see Cook, 1983, p. 350]. evolved into these two amazingly dissimilar forms, mostly following the data in Most of the Jews preferred the comfortable life of the Persian Empire to an arduous life rebuilding their devastated homeland. By J.J.Jackson January 2011. chronological order: 1) Gaumata (Pseudo-Smerdis) the usurper in Ezra 4:7-23, 6:14. Bible Timeline. However at the start of Xerxes reign, after Babylon rebelled and he melted the golden Bel statue, he changed his title. Appendix Four: Kings and Events of the Babylonian, Persian, and Greek Dynasties. Killed by, Regent for Alexander IV & Philip III, Prince of Orestis. The province was a part of the Persian satrapy of Eber-Nari, and continued to exist for two centuries until its incorporation into the Hellenistic . It now became: king of the Persians and Medes (Roman Ghirshman in his book Iran, page 191). The problem is that, unlike our 70 weeks story, the old starting event in this case, namely the invasion of the holy Land by Nebuchadnezzar, fitted perfectly. You can read more about how cookies are used in our Privacy Policy. 2 Chronicles 36:23 - Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD God of heaven given me; and he hath charged me to build him an house in Jerusalem, which [is] in Judah. of these positions place the conquest of Babylon by the Medes or Persians in 539, That covered a total period of 208 years. Ruled in Khorasan, dominating a series of nephews in Iraq. Old Testament Timeline. Perfectly. Gaumata was now the king and he cemented his power and no one challenged him. Kings of Persia. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus recorded that Cyrus . While the two starting dates are correct, we have already established that the event ascribed to the first one, namely 457 BC, is seriously flawed, and that the commandment to build and restore Jerusalem was 82 years earlier. Nebuchadnezzar 562-560 Avilmarduk (Evil-merodach) 560-556 Neriglissar 556 Labashimarduk 555-538 Nabonidus Persian 559 Cyrus king of Anshan 555 Cyrus revolts against Astyages, king of the Medes 550-549 Cyrus defeats Astyages 547-546 Cyrus defeats Lydia 539 Babylon falls to Cyrus . 63 B.C.E. derived from the Old Persian Xayra, 5, March 2009. The next 4 chapters (said to have been a separate book) are his autobiography, where he speaks of himself in the first person. Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. 2 Chronicles 36:20 - And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to Babylon; where they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia: Ezra 7:1 - Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, Ezra the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah, Ezekiel 27:10 - They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness. That brings us to the Persian Kings. We need to go back 82 years in both cases and find what events took place then. This suggests Darius and Kores in the book of Daniel are: Darius I and Xerxes (grandson and probable namesake of Cyrus the great). (1) Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrisches und Aramisches Handwrterbuch ber das Alte Testament, 17. [2] Second, some may attempt to solve this difficulty by alleging that Artaxerxes II was the king who reigned during the days of Ezra and Nehemiahs return to Jerusalem, while Artaxerxes I was the king mentioned prior to Darius reign (Ezra 4:7-23). hostile conquest of Media, did not dethrone the last Median king, and did not the Wikipedia articles on Ahasuerus and Xerxes I: If we 87158. Granted there are ranks below kings and ranks below principalities. Artaxerxes, and Darius, It is the glory of God to conceal things, but the glory of kings is to search things out. Regardless of which explanation one accepts for the inclusion of verses 6-23 in Ezra 4, they both provide a sufficient answer to the perceived difficulty. Generally, one of the emirs held a sort of primus inter pares supremacy over the rest, which would be marked by titles like Amir al-umara and Shahanshah. Many kings of Babylon, Media, and Persia are mentioned in the Bible, all of the names in red in the table of Kings of Babylon, Media and Persia starting around 650 B.C. Darius improved the taxation system in order to streamline revenue for the kingdom and one of the worlds first banking systems was created through this new procedure. Obviously this is the same king. So how reliable are the popularly accepted BC dates? commentators on the book of Daniel, but was virtually abandoned after Akkadian Cyrus the Great was the first ruler of the Persian Empire which was created about 559 B.C. One of the greatest conquerors in history. Let us first consider it. Ezra 4:7 - And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter [was] written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue. does not clearly distinguish the two men discussed in the Zondervan article. Timeline of Persian Kings in the Achaemenid Empire. 82 years too early to fit. ARTA, 2003. New Testament Bible Studies; Old Testament Bible Studies; Topical Bible Studies; What is the Gospel? Daniel 6:29 suggests Daniel the prophet (Daniel 1-5) and Daniel the ruler (Daniel 6) are two distinct persons, enhancing the time span of the book of Daniel as indicated by the above identifications. others, and fits the time frame of the events in 522, when he ruled. in some translations Xerxes (the Wikipedia Actually it Note: Medieval Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the rise of the Safavid Empire, "Persian King" redirects here. different name in Old Persian, with a different etymology, according to the sources. However, he still puts the fall of Babylon at 539, not 542. some uncertainty about whether Darius the Persian Control of eastern territories was permanently lost by Antiochus VII in 129 BC. No inscription on coinage. extra-biblical sources, and these match the sequence of events given in the 525 B.C. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. CE. the Medes father was also named Ahasuerus/Xerxes. MagellanTV is a new kind o. A surprising number of conservative, Bible-believing When Darius was in power he wiped out the last revolts in the empire and he conquered territories inside of Egypt, the Indus Valley, and Scythia. Darius I promoted Zoroastrianism and continued to honor the traditional Persian gods as well. Daniel 6:1). 516 The Jews rebuild their Temple (70 years) Map of the Deportation of Judah. The LORD his God [be] with him, and let him go up. 5:30-31: First year of King Cyrus; issues proclamation freeing Jewish exiles to return: 538-537: Ezra 1:1-4: Jewish exiles, led by Sheshbazzar, return from Babylon to Jerusalem: 537? years he cannot remember, and no longer has his original notes.). The people agreed with his actions and wanted him to rule them instead of the king. And what an event that was! ([nabuxodonosor]) in Greek, from which the Spanish Nabucodonosor is derived. Another explanation to this perceived dilemma is that the information concerning the kings of Persia in Ezra 4 is grouped according to theme rather than by chronology. . and is mentioned in . 2 Kings 23:34,36. In fact there were two earlier He was the Achaemenid's dynasty's third monarch. extra-biblical sources, usually under the name given in the Bible, or under one Ezra 9:9 - For we [were] bondmen; yet our God hath not forsaken us in our bondage, but hath extended mercy unto us in the sight of the kings of Persia, to give us a reviving, to set up the house of our God, and to repair the desolations thereof, and to give us a wall in Judah and in Jerusalem. 1:1 - Days of King Jotham Hezekiah of Judah (Micah 1:1; Jer. typical of sound changes in languages: the end result is often so different Cambyses II (530-522 BC) - He conquered Egypt during his reign. PERSIAN NAME BIBLE NAME BIBLE REFERENCE "I am Cyrus. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 17:13. We use cookies on this website to enhance your experience of the site and help us understand how the site can be improved. Ahab Takes Naboth's Vineyard. The about 62 years mentioned in Daniel 6:1 rather then to Darius age refer more naturally to the distance to the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple (corresponding with Darius Is first year). Your email address will not be published. They were not correct because of faulty BC dating. The very next year, 686 BC, the long countdown started. 2 Chronicles 36:23 - Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD God of heaven given me; and he hath charged me to build him an house in Jerusalem, which [is] in Judah. Taken into exile in Egypt. 6186. And the hairy he-goat stands for the king of Greece; and as for the great horn that was between its eyes, it stands for the first king." Daniel 8:20-22. ". (Smith suggests that Gubaru is the called the waw According to Darius the Mede: A Reappraisal, a doctoral dissertation For example, Nebuchadnezzar in The Neo-Babylonian Empire From 586 to 539 B.C. He built highways, roads, post offices and used the Phoenicians to develop overseas commercial shipping lanes. article on Ahasuerus Most of these can be positively identified in In two 13:6. The accepted history of those kings is as follows: From the emancipation of the Jews Cyrus the Great ruled another 10 years. Published The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great who conquered Babylon in 536 BC. Now, from the Bible we know that it was in the days of Hezekiah, 15 years before his death that Sennacherib was besieging Jerusalem, and his army came to grief. reliability of the Bible: 1. Xerxes are actually the same name, not two names for the same king. Gubaru thus ruled over the vast and populous Note: Classical Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the collapse of the Sasanian Empire as a result of the Muslim conquest of Persia. However at the start of his reign, should be: However at the start of Xerxes reign. Tavernier, Jan. Surely it must be the final authority! discussed below. which is where he appears on the Bible Timeline with World History. Legrain, Leon, "Historical Fragments", Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications of the Babylonian Section, vol. 3) Xerxes though it looks like it contains the name Xerxes, is actually a completely Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews. That would be the year to celebrate and dedicate what was completed in 49 years. Vallat, Francois. The Persian Empire succeeded the Babylonian Empire and it was Cyrus, who issued the famous decree for the Jews to return to their homeland to rebuild their Temple. The first is the beginning date of Daniels Seventy Weeks (490 years). . handover to Cyrus, either in or outside of the Bible. The message to Daniel certainly does not tally with the multiplicity of Persian kings presented to us by the history books. 66-73 C.E. Daniel 10:20 - Then said he, Knowest thou wherefore I come unto thee? Usurped the Ghaznavid throne after massacring Abd al-Rashid and eleven other Ghaznavid princes. Artaxerxes. Rome (Pompey) annexes the land of Israel. Elam: The History of Elam. He gives the reigning years Complete Biblical Timeline . 3036. Persia In the Bible. So says The Bible as History by Werner Keller. Map of the Persian Empire from Cyrus to Darius. inscriptions that supported Herodotus were discovered in the late nineteenth N.S. Log in, (This article has been read 5,276 times plus 126 today. Rick Aschmann, (biblechronology.net/KingsOfBabylonMediaAndPersia.html). For the racehorse, see. Le royaume elamite de Zamin et les 'Letters de Nineveh'. Cyrus the Great respected the customs of the lands he conquered and allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem. cases I give the second form in black in parentheses.