C) 112 A. bivalents will form B. nuclear envelope will dissolve C. centrioles will form in animal cells D. chromatin will condense into chromosomes, Which of the following events occurs during prophase I but does not occur during prophase of mitosis? The interphase is subdivided into {eq}\rm G_1 {/eq} phase, {eq}\rm S {/eq} phase, and {eq}\rm G_2 {/eq} phase. D. offspring inherit copies of the same 23 pair of chromosomes from each of their parents but the rate of crossing-over makes them very dissimilar. C. a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell. c. spermatogenesis C) They allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving most of the cytoplasm for one egg. b. the production of gametes is known as gametogensis Which of the following events occurs during prophase I but does not occur during prophase of mitosis? True or False, Interkinesis follows.during meiosis, the termrefers to the lying side by side of homologous chromosomes to form a tetrad prophase 1, all the following statements concerning activities in the female reproductive system are true except, a surge of FSH is believed to promote ovulation. The desert is relatively uniform and there is little advantage to maintaining variation, but the animal has not been able to completely evolve away from its heritage of sexual reproduction. B. D. Sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis I. The gametes are the diploid phase of the life cycle. pangenesis. Which of the following statements about the process of meiosis is correct_____ A. Homologous chromosome association occurs before chromosome duplication. B. Mitosis uses a diploid (2n) parent cell to form daughter cells containing a haploid number(n) of chromosomes. An individual who inherits XO will show symptoms of ___________ syndrome. In some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. E. It separates the homologous chromosomes. Pangenesis was Charles Darwin's hypothetical mechanism for heredity, in which he proposed that each part of the body continually emitted its own type of small organic particles called gemmules that aggregated in the gonads, contributing heritable information to the gametes. B. We would therefore expect to find 56 chromosomes in the skin cell of an elephant. C. 22. C. providing genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. During ________, the homologous chromosome pairs independently align themselves at the equator of the cell. False A change in the chromosome number resulting from nondisjunction is called aneuploidy. B. To put that another way, meiosis in humans is a division process that takes us from a diploid cellone with two sets of chromosomesto haploid cellsones with a single set of chromosomes. d.) chromosomes replicate. The M phase is where the cell division occurs. Which of the following events does not occur during telophase. D. This is probably an asexual organism attempting to mimic sexual reproduction. Just like in mitosis, during prophase, DNA condensation occurs, the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear, and the spindle starts to form. Animal cells from a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells from a cleavage furrow and then pinch into two daughter cells, The region that contains the genetic information in a bacterial cell is called the, virtually all of the specialized cells of multicellular organisms. usually an exchange of material between nonhomologous chromosomes. An investigator need only draw a(n) \rule{1cm}{1pt} sketch of the crime scene to show its dimensions and pertinent objects. D. spermatogenesis. A) at ovulation it can be used to generate new spermatogonia. B) metaphase II asexual reproduction produces variation that allows the species to adapt quickly to changing environmental conditions, A modification of sexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into a complete individual. B) in 23% of cases, the sperm contributes . how many days after the start of the mother's last menstruation is the birth of the baby expected to occur? A) During metaphase I of meiosis, the bivalents are present at the metaphase plate; during metaphase of mitosis, the duplicated chromosomes are at the metaphase plate. e. only B and C are correct. The polar body is. During spermatogenesis, key spermatogenic events such as stem cell self-renewal and commitment to meiosis, meiotic recombination, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, followed by cellular and chromatin remodeling of elongating spermatids occur . Inherited disorders can arise when chromosomes behave abnormally during meiosis. homozygous . Discuss the epidemiology of poliomyelitis, rabies, and arboviral encephalitis, including mode of transmission, etiology, and disease symptoms. All Rights Reserved. There is a species of desert lizard that is entirely female. What is the function of polar bodies? Q. There are two main types of cell divisions: meiosis and mitosis. This results in.. E) Homologous chromosomes interact with the spindle as if they were one chromosome. C. Crossovers between non-sister chromosomal haploids of homologous chromosomes occur during the . B. Homologous chromosomes separate and go to different daughter cells. E. polar body. in the human male, sperm cells are produced in the..and in the females, the egg cells are produced in the. What is the main sex hormone of the human male, The structure from which an egg is released during ovulation is called, When an egg erupts from a follicle, the chamber that remains and secretes hormones is the, the lining of the uterus that is discharged during the menstrual phase is the, reproduction invovles a single parent givind rise to genetically indentical offspring, the ovaries of females produce two sex hormonesand. True or False, Prevention of polyspermy depends upon changes in the plasma membrane of the egg and in the zona pellucida B) oogenesis. Summary. interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not, meiosis occurs during all of the following EXCEPT Which of the following accurately describe anaphase 1 and anaphase 11? Write the equation representing Raoult's law and express it in words. Which is NOT true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis? Sex chromosome aneuploids are better tolerated and have a better chance of producing survivors. B. reduction of chromosome number (from 2N to N). b. independent assortment in metaphase 1 of meiosis Which statement applies only to plants? B. e. none of the choices are sources of genetic variation, d. all of the choices are sources of genetic variation. Describe how errors in chromosome structure occur through inversions and translocations. which trisomies are the ones that survives to term? This is extra chromosomal material representing the X chromosome in each female cell. Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells, includes two nuclear division and the formation of bivalents. True or False. Sketch a graph of the function and the secant line through PPP and QQQ. b. the cell may need to enter the G0 stage. Answer to: What is the key difference between mitosis and meiosis? The polar body is e) recombination occurs during meiosis II. Today we know that A. offspring will be identical to one another and demonstrate traits exactly halfway between the parents' traits. bivalents will form. Oogenesis always involves an equal division of cell contents in the formation of an egg and polar bodies. Spermatogenesis in males result in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only one egg. B. offspring can vary from receiving over 99% of one parent's genes to receiving over 99% of the other parent's genes. C. offspring inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent, but two sibling offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent, and further variation may occur due to crossing-over. S phase, the cell undergoes DNA replication. CompetingSpecies\text{\red{Competing Species}}CompetingSpecies A Lotka-Volterra model in which two species compete for the same source of food (as in Exercise 9) can be described by the system of differential equations, dx1dt=r1x1(1x1k1b1x2k1)dx2dt=r2x2(1x2k2b2x1k2).\begin{aligned} C) A fertilized egg is known as a zygote. Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again such as a muscle or nerve cell? A. the gametophyte can be larger than the diploid generation B. they use sexual reproduction to produce new offspring C. they use meiosis in order to produce the gametes D. they will have a haploid and diploid phase of the life cycle, Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Practice Exam. When the environment changes, then. B)oogenesis. What phenotype would be expected in balanced translocation heterozygotes in the absence of position effects? Is modified post-fertilizaion to block polyspermy. A) The haploid phase can be larger than the diploid phase. In meiosis, the reduction from 2n to n is accomplished by sister chromatids splitting apart and migrating to opposite daughter cells. Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur? In human females, when is meiosis II completed? Which statement is true about the life cycle of plants but not of animals? C. Familial Down syndrome the centrioles move toward opposite poles. b. the cell may enter the G2 stage False The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as euploidy. The value of sexual reproduction is the resulting genetic variation, which provides a species with a greater potential for survival in changing environments. D. Sperm that contain a recombination of genes are usually more successful in fertilizing an egg. in the human male, sperm cells are produced in the..and are supported by the . is involved in a negative feedback relationship with the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus to regulate testosterone levels, A male accessory organ of the reproductive system that often becomes enlarged, infected, or cancerous in older men is. All of the following are true of meiosis in plants EXCEPT (A) Crossing-over occurs during prophase. Before the time of Gregor Mendel and genetics, sexual reproduction was thought to produce a blending or equal mixing of the parents' traits. A. in plants, spindle fibers are attached to the centriole. D)A,B,and C all involve meiosis. E) Neither A, B, or C. All of the above involve mitosis. Females are short with a broad chest and widely spaced nipples. B. Interkinesis is the stage that precedes a prophase stage. D) Interkinesis can be variable in length. B) anaphase I C) The products of the haploid phase of the life cycle are larger than those of the diploid phase. It is estimated that an average of two or three crossovers occur per human chromosome. Identify which event will occur during Prophase I of meiosis but does not occur during prophase of mitosis. Jacobs syndrome, XYY, results from nondisjunction during spermatogenesis. A) Gametes are the only haploid phase of the human life cycle. In meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical. True or False, binary fission in bacteria differs from mitosis because (D) Synapsis occurs during prophase. C) two nuclear divisions The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as aneuploidy. The genus Lacerta is composed of a species of lizards that are female and do not mate. A. During which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur? Following this, four phases occur. The cell formed through fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called a/an. D. Homologues exchange genetic material between non-sister chromatids. E. None of the choices are sources of genetic variation. They undergo "endomitosis" where one extra chromosome replication results in a tetraploid cell before meiosis begins. Interkinesis is different from interphase in which way? can nonreciprocal translocation be balanced, an even exchange of material with no genetic information extra or missing, and ideally full functionality, where the exchange of chromosome material is unequal resulting in extra or missing genes. Homologous chromosomes are similar in size, carry genes for the same traits, and are similar in shape and centromere location. the disintegration of the endometrium and the rupturing of the blood vessels. A. Meiosis occurs during gametogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis. E) None of the choices are true. B) They carry the same alleles for all traits. All Rights Reserved. B. carry the same alleles for all traits. E) penis. Meiosis occurs during gametogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis. Monosomy occurs when an individual has only one of a particular type of chromosome. A) gametogenesis. About 90 percent of a cell's time in the normal cell cycle may be spent in interphase. ; In most cases, cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm) occurs at the same time as telophase I.; At the end of telophase I and cytokinesis, two . During which phase of mitosis and meiosis will the state of the chromosome be the same? C) it is the most common trisomy in humans. D) Chromatin will condense into chromosomes. B) metaphase II c. CH3COOH\text{CH}_{3}\text{COOH}CH3COOH and NaCH3COO\text{NaCH}_{3}\text{COO}NaCH3COO. Which of the following is/are true about sexual reproduction? The following picture depicts which of the following changes in chromosome structure. Animal cell because they have cleavage furrow and plant cells do not. The gametes are the haploid phase of the animals life cycle. Gastrulation is the first major process that occurs during prenatal development. asexual . Which of the following is NOT a difference between anaphase I and anaphase II? B) The production of gametes is known as gametogenesis. Normal human sperm and eggs are similar in which one of the following respects? What is the importance of crossing-over? B) The desert is relatively uniform and there is little advantage to maintaining variation, but the animal has not been able to completely evolve away from its heritage of sexual reproduction. Prophase I A) gamete production. 2. C. They orient the sperm toward the egg. A. Homologs fail to separate during meiosis I. Which of the following is a true statement concerning meiosis in males and females? A. To what does the term chiasma refer? The cell cycle is divided into an interphase and a mitotic (M) phase. The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as aneuploidy. At the leptotene stage the chromosomes appear as long, thin threads. C) telophase I A lattice holds the members of a bivalent together in such a way that the DNA, not RNA, of the non-sister chromatids is aligned. What is its role in males? A. A) They are similar in size. D) the cell produced when fertilization occurs. In meiosis, there are four daughter cells. D) 24. What might prevent a cell from passing the G1 checkpoint? It happens in all of the tissues except the brain and spinal cord. B) oogenesis. Atweeks, the fetal heartbeat can be first be heard through a stethoscope, A healthy fetus born at twenty-four weeks has a chance of surviving although it may have, immature lungs and breathing difficulties, The human embryo becomes a fetus at the end of the second month of gestation There is one chance in 23 of getting identical sets of chromosomes from one parent , times two because there are two parents ; therefore , two siblings out of 46 will be identical except for the extent of crossing - over . sperm and egg are reproductive cells that are collectively referred to as, which term refers to the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis, crossing over occurs between the two sister chromatids of a homologue answer choices. All of the following are true of meiosis, except a) there are two cell divisions. Select all that apply. Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur? (b) Depression. E) metaphase I, At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid? The G 1 phase, which is also called the first gap phase, is the first phase of the interphase and is focused on cell growth. Interkinesis is different from interphase in which way? No fertilization can occur, and the eggs develop into female lizards. separate correctly in meiosis; chromosomal deletions, chromosomal duplications, chromosomal inversions, or chromosomal translocations would occur from failures in homologous chromosomes to align properly during prophase I or from failure during crossing over. dtdx1=r1x1(1k1x1b1k1x2)dtdx2=r2x2(1k2x2b2k2x1).. b. oogenesis A) Homologous chromosomes form tetrads. C) The mating behavior probably evolved accidentally. At pachytene they pair, the corresponding portions of . C. Spermatogenesis in males results in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only one egg and three structures that contain genetic information that is lost when they disintegrate. the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is a leading cause of birth defects Which stage would show the development of the ectoderm and endoderm germ layers? True or False, A change in the chromosomes number resulting from nondisjunction is called euploidy During metaphase of mitosis the duplicated chromosomes are at the metaphase plate while during metaphase I of meiosis the bivalents are present at the metaphase plate B. All of the following events occur during normal meiosis except _______. Consider that all other relevant characteristics are similar between these species. In preparation for meiosis, a germ cell goes through interphase, during which the entire cell (including the genetic material contained in the nucleus) undergoes replication. luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation in females. 14. D) telophase I and telophase. D) a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over A) 26 B) species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X. synapsis occurs during prophase I. A) Interkinesis occurs after a cell finishes a nuclear division. C. zygote. a. e. only B and C are correct. Generally, brain and nerve cells are not able to regenerate after injury because they have left the cell cycle and are unable to return. Compare the wavelength and energy of this wave to those of a second wave with a frequency of 1017Hz10^{17} \mathrm{~Hz}1017Hz. e A and B only, The function of mitosis is C) In mitosis, there are two daughter cells. A. Angiosperms have dominated the land flora primarily because of their -. Which of the following is NOT true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis? At the end of anaphase 1, each chromosomeis composed of to chromatids and at the end of anaphase 11, sister chromatids have separated. B) structures that hold the chromosomes in alignment on the metaphase plate The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called _____ chromosomes. Crossing over occurs in prophase I of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis. A) All stages of meiosis follow DNA replication. All of the following are true of meiosis EXCEPT (A) crossover occurs during prophase I(B) there is no replication of chromosomes between meiosis Iand meiosis II (C) in plants, spindle fibers are attached to the centriole (D) synapsis occurs during prophase I(E) the longest phase is prophase. D) mitosis, If the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism is 52, what will the haploid number of chromosomes be? C) immediately after the sperm penetrates the primary oocyte c. Based on your sketch in part b, what do you expect the populations of the two species to do in the long run? Nondisjunction: Meiosis is the fundamental process that is behind sexual reproduction with the formation of offspring that are genetically unique from each other and ever from their parents.. Oogenesis always involves an equal division of cell contents in the formation of an egg and polar bodies. Select all that apply. 4. B) Nuclear envelope will dissolve. immediately after the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte, All of the following animals are likely to undergo parthenogenesis EXCEPT.