This also featured interviews with Jones and former students. Upon hearing of our activity he simply lost control Late in the evening he broke into the room and tore it apart. It's Steve, Steve Conigio. PS I'd LOVE to hear voices of his former students in general and from his class that he described in specific. It's one of those occasions experienced by teachers when they least expect. They demanded strict obedience of the rules from other students and bullied those that took the experiment lightly. Neck muscles rigid. This rally is for members only.". It was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more. Only a small minority of students saw through the faade, they were named the breakers who tore down Third Wave posters and replaced them with counter slogans. 10. At eleven thirty students began to ant their way into the room; at first a few scouting the way and then more. This last lesson is perhaps the one of greatest importance. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. "Yes.1' "Now listen carefully. The factors that motivated the students then were: fear of losing marks; confidence and pride in their tutor; and a desire to be part of an exciting new movement that would change their world. He was holding on to me and shaking. We did this again, and again. To grab quick solution. Many critics believe that the so-called soft sciences such as sociology cannot produce any accurate conclusions, but the thesis brought forward recently by Haslam and Reicher is strong and has, with the help of other theorists, built a new attitude towards the conclusions arising from social experiments. The entire collection however looked like one force as they sat in perfect attention. He ended his pedagogical experiment abruptly with humiliation of his students via his lecturing. Simply upload, import the demo data, and swap out the text and images as you wish! The rabbi for one of the parents called me at home. He was surprised when around twenty of the students made such reports. In this case it was Steve running down the street shouting "Mr. Jones, Mr. I think its a great, although disturbing, story but I guess what I'm having trouble with is the timeline. Steve Conigio had been a sophomore student in my World History class. I don't know maybe he just imbelished a little or something. That's just what Robert did. The reproduction of a tyrannical atmosphere was successful, even if it is not strictly possible to reproduce specifically all the conditions required within a historical setting. 509-10) told his students in the . Everything rests with you and your willingness to take a stand.". The third wave, 1967: an account - Ron Jones. By the end of the day over two hundred students were admitted into the order. I switched the television set on. They were asked to read out questions to a student and whenever the student got a question wrong, the subjects were ordered to electrocute the student, increasing the force of the current gradually the more questions that they got wrong. However, Ron tried to think that he could transfer that type of instruction to a mixed class of girls and boys who were not prepared for his style of instruction. Many of the students were completely into being Third Wave Members. They watched the activities and participated in a mechanical fashion. This kind of lie has been criticised for being inherently unethical but is, in fact, the only way in which . Must be a former student. In the next few minutes and perhaps years, you will have an opportunity to answer this question. I found one inaccuracy in his account based on what you wrote. I graduated in 1967 and lost contact with Ron, But my mother worked at the school and kept me up to date as to what was going on with him. After the studies of Drs Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, the common conclusions have been ditched, and Hannah Arendts words have been reanalysed to provide a new conclusion to the causes and nature of tyranny and evil. Be meaningful. No one laughed. Was this display of obedience a momentary game we were all playing, or was it something else. After 5 days students were informed it was an experiment on how NAZIsm spread. I shared this silence with two hundred students. That you could extricate yourself at any moment. [10][6] Another issue of the paper has a longer account of the experiment at its conclusion. It was 12:05. My job. How an athlete feels having worked hard and regularly to be successful at a sport. I talked about pride. Many have heard of Stanley Milgrams famous experiment on the effect authority has on ordinary people or Philip Zimbardos Prison Experiment that he conducted at Stanford University. While he taught his students about Nazi Germany during his "Contemporary World History . So, he decided to demonstrate this . Ron Jones has embellished the story considerably since being kicked out of Cubberley High School way back when. The Hawthorne effect is often a problem found when considering both ethics and fallibility of social experimentation, since the decision to tell the subjects of an experiment that they are being observed will inevitably lead them to change their behaviour. Talk about tone deaf. And I daily argued to myself on the benefits of the learning experience. I reminded students of what it felt like being in classes where competition caused pain and degradation. The discipline. You bargained your freedom for the comfort of discipline and superiority. Thirteen students had cut class to be a part of the experiment. I found it harder and harder to extract myself from the momentum and identity that the class was developing. Do you remember the question? They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. It's raising a barn with your neighbors, it's feeling that you are a part of something beyond yourself, a movement, a team, La Raza, a cause. I just kept talking. As Jones (1979, pp. In the study, an . By Thursday the class had swollen in size to over eighty students. I glanced over my shoulder. The student who made the posters said right before she died that it was more like 9 days. I agree with you that Ron's pedagogical experiment was disastrous and that he did not make enough pedagogical preparation for his simulation of the Nazi totalitarianism with his students. I began to think of myself as a part of the experiment. [9] Jones started a movement called "The Third Wave" and told his students that the movement aimed to eliminate democracy. You said that Ron was lying. They had indeed fallen for the trap. We can bring it a new sense of order. In 3 days the movement had grown to 200 students. The exchange of physical hardships for superior mental and physical facilities. [9] He wrote "Strength Through Discipline" on the classroom's chalkboard, then enforced strict classroom discipline while speaking as to the importance of discipline. Ron's problem is he let it get out of control and that is why he was fired. I'm afraid something will happen to you. Retrieved from https . Some couldnt even move from the shock. Shoved by your own desires into the place you now find yourself. The Milgram experiment was a famous and controversial study that explored the effects of authority on obedience. They were learning more. Even stranger was the gradual improvement in the quality of answers. It was also the genesis of a secret that I and two hundred students would sadly share for the rest of our lives. I had a bodyguard. Our class was called Tech Prep(senior class) and it had only 13 boys in the class. Everyone seemed to be listening more intently. Evil becomes banalised by human beings, but it is not in itself banal. We were studying Nazi Germany and in the middle of a lecture I was interrupted by the question. He smiled (I don't think I had ever seen him smile) and announced, "Mr. Jones I'm your bodyguard. I waited for several minutes to let everyone catch up. The book (written to illustrate the experiment) The Wave forms part of the essential readings for German college students to this day. We spent hours later talking about what he felt and did, but from that moment on Thursday morning I was more concerned with what might be happening at school. Outright organised fascism is capitalism gone over the top, but manipulation of group dynamics happens all over the place - particularly in schools - and is the means used to get people to behave in required ways, absurd ways often but sometimes ways that are practically credible on the surface. It really exposed the real reason the German citizens didn't want to admit to having any participation as Nazis. I hadn't planned such intensity or compliance. Knowing that one is being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly. Like the Germans, you will have trouble admitting to yourself that you come this far. ", With that I switched on a rear screen projector. Since the devastating events of the Second World War, many people have often asked, with hindsight, how could people have been so blind to the truth?. Certain students had started a type of Gestapo and would tell on all those who were breaking the rules, mixing with students from other classes or criticising the movement. Ron Jones was a teacher at Cuubberly High School. "There can't you breath more easily? [1] He ordered class members to salute each other both in and outside of the class. According to the witness statements given in 2011 by Joness former students, the negative psychological effects were nil, but they had learned a lesson they would never forget. 2008 German Movie "Die Welle". While debating whether to stop or go on with the experiment I talked on and on about community. History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. The deductions taken from such experiments are strong when they are seen alongside natural experiments, where the events have already occurred in history and have already provided a significant and real basis for the analysis of society. The real gestapo in the school was at work. [2], The experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating. The Aversion Project (1970s and 80s). When a student asks how so many people could be . I explained how discipline and community were meaningless without action. The secret must finally be waning. This conclusion falls flat on the hard ground, as many critics have concluded, including Arendt herself. The trouble with the situation and role I had created was that I didn't have time to think where it was leading. A German documentary entitled The Invisible Line (Die Geschichte der Welle) debuted on television on December 19, 2019. In the case of war criminals such as Adolf Eichmann, he constructed no banal excuses for his actions, and acted according to his own ideals and his own plans, according to those already set up by the Nazi regime. I was increasingly worried about how our activity was affecting the faculty and other students in the school. If I suddenly jolted them back to classroom reality I would face a confused student- body for the remainder of the year. He normally let them call him Ron, and was much respected, charismatic and popular. Replace reason with rules. Based on his account, he did not question his students' experiences and reflections by careful listening to them and providing them with sensitive guidance. Jones?" Eyes strained and pulled at the light but the pattern didn't change. Others simply sunk into the activity and took self assigned roles. Hold them tight. Let Minimal Lite's clean vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential. Steve turns and gives a quiet salute. Students showed increased academic skill and motivation. With everyone sitting at attention I slowly raised my arm and with a cupped hand I saluted. Something in all of us. Soon the image is the only identity people will accept. I now can appreciate why the astronomer turns relentlessly to the telescope. It caused a lot of problems at the school because students were not prepared properly to understand what was being taught. The idea for the three came from beach lore that waves travel in chains, the third wave being the last and largest of each series. Of believing so thoroughly in yourself and your community or family that you will do anything to preserve, protect and extend that being. Pulled the locks shut. Does This Put The Transgender Debate to Rest? He could do something. All day long he opened and closed doors for me. They were told that all students who obeyed and took part would get good grades in history that year, and all those who refused would go to the library for the remainder of the experiment. In the split second of my race back in time Steve sensed my questioning and backed up. Waiting. Well, the Third Wave gave Robert a place in school. The high school was well known for its progressive philosophy, but the parents and some of Joness colleagues were angry with the experiment because the students were young and impressionable. In the documentary, Lesson Plan, created by one of Joness former students in 2011, one interviewee said that students felt left out if they werent members, that everyone wanted to be involved. It was strange how quickly the students took to this uniform code of behavior I began to wonder just how far they could be pushed. Our principal came into an afternoon faculty meeting and gave me the Third Wave salute. He was a sensitive and bright student. At least he was equal to everyone. The same can often be said in the natural sciences. As friends they chummed together. all?) [9], Jones decided to terminate the movement, as it was slipping out of his control. To experience the power of discipline, I invited, no I commanded the class to exercise and use a new seating posture; I described how proper sitting posture assists mandatory concentration and strengthens the will. Don't you feel better.". Within this avalanche of reporting one legitimate conspiracy did seem underway . Three women in the class had told their parents all about our classroom activities. I then proceeded to talk about the meaning of action. And as predicted we also shared a deep secret. did not have this sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry. Yes, I had been pushing information at them in an extremely controlled setting but the fact that they found it comfortable and acceptable was startling. "It's your task to design a Third Wave Banner. Although . It debuted October 4, 1981, and almost two years later as an ABC Afterschool Special.It starred Bruce Davison as the teacher Ben Ross, a character based on Jones. It quickly illuminated a white drop cloth hanging behind the television. It was fun. Ron is making a living out of lying about what happened at Cubberley. That's what I did. Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. The Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California during the first week of April in 1967. I sure do, it was one of the most frightening events I ever experienced In the classroom. The distinction is pertinent: why implies necessity, whereas the question how implies not necessity but rather by what mechanism the consequences came to be. Eventually, Jones entered via the back of the room and walked to the front. Would it not, then, have been more morally deplorable for a history tutor to accept the fact that his students were living in blissful ignorance? The only thing that allowed them all to fit was the enforced discipline of sitting in silence at attention. Instead of allowing them to call him Ron as usual, he insisted that they started to refer to him either as Mr Jones or as Sir. He walked always on my right. Where is their curiosity or resistance to this marshal behavior. Jones decided to continue the experiment after observing his students' strict adherence to the previous day's rules. How could this be? For years after the second world war, when the world had time to reflect, we had taken the conclusions of these experiments and the words of Arendt to conclude that evil, in itself, is banal, and can be found in the most ordinary of upstanding citizens. New people were speaking. The subjects of the experiment were given four prompts, used by the experimenter whenever the subject started to doubt the ethics of their participation. The project was adapted into an American film, The Wave, in 1981, and a critically acclaimed German film, Die Welle, in 2008. The Third Wave. In the faculty room (closed to students) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee. For a brief moment it all rushed back. Performance in academic skill areas was significantly improving. He followed me every- where. it was a good question. We would repeat the mottos in a rotating chorus. As I spent more time playing the role I had less time to remember its rational origins and purpose. Leler, Robin and Sakuma, Bernice. I marked three of the cards with a red X and informed the recipients that they had a special assignment to report any students not complying to class rules. He handed in elaborate weekly reports copied word for word from the reference books in the library. Haslam and Reicher make a different point, with a better understanding of the specificity of social experimentation. The Third Wave (experiment) The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could accept the actions of the Nazi regime during the Second World War. He gave them lessons in how to sit correctly, which they also obeyed with little persuasion after being told that sitting properly allowed more oxygen into the lungs, helping them to think more clearly and thus improve their grades. Some would say he abused this confidence that the students had in him to play the tyrant, but, ultimately, he was still respected by the students and his colleagues even after the movement was exposed as a lie. Evil is not banal, and it cannot be found everywhere, but it is made banal by those who refuse to admit that they have been the perpetrators and performers of evil. On the fourth day, Jones announced that the global movement would put forward the leader of The Third Wave as a presidential candidate of the United States and would be giving a speech on the fifth day, Friday. You can't admit to being manipulated. At this point students stood without prompting and began to give what amounted to testimonials. Two comrades had met long after the war. I was now standing next to the television directly facing the room full of people. Students must be sitting in class at the attention position before the late bell; all students Must carry pencils and paper for note taking; when asking or answering questions a student must stand at the side of their desk; the first word given in answering or asking a question is "Mr. How can a people be a part of something and then claim at the demise that they were not really involved' What causes people to blank out their own history? the average citizen, claim at the end of the Third Reich that they knew nothing of what was going on. This activity we have been doing has been practice for the real thing. Below this I wrote a second law, "STRENGTH THROUGH COMMUNITY.". Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. The room was empty of sound. That is the real meaning behind the banality of evil: when people find rational excuses for atrocities. On Tuesday, the second day of the exercise, I entered the classroom to find everyone sitting in silence at the attention position. When and how will this end? I'm very upset over Robert! April 7, 1967. After a few minutes of waiting, Jones announced that they had been a part of an experiment in fascism and that they all had willingly created a sense of superiority, much as German citizens had done in the period of Nazi Germany. Human beings circling and holding each other. Jones instructed the students on how to initiate new members. The students chanted their slogan in anticipation. He then led them in shouting chants of "Strength through Discipline! Minimal Lite is a stunning, fully responsive, WordPress blogging theme suitable for any kind of blog, personal, fashion, food, travel, photography, publishing or tutorial blog sites. Here are ten bizarre psychology experiments that totally crossed the line. They didnt know where their teacher was, and the doors were guarded by militant student Gestapo. The Nazis also hid many of their crimes from their own people, named themselves national socialists (when they were, in fact, not socialist but fascist) and managed to abolish unemployment (food was nevertheless lacking across the country, much like in Stalins Ukraine). Turned our head as friends and neighbors were cursed and then persecuted. Simultaneous to this announcement over 1000 youth groups from every part of the country would stand up and display their support for such a movement. invisible. He would talk to the parents and calm their concern. I said chocolate chip of course. Jones intended only a one-day experiment.[9]. I began to talk. Many students were over the line. It was a wild gamble. Pledge allegiance to that society. You would be walking down the hall when all of a sudden three classmates would turn your way each flashing a quick salute. "Mr. Jones, have you seen this advertisement in Time magazine? Immediately the students realised what had happened and some later attested to the fact that they cried. How could they have lived alongside the slaughter of Jews, communists, gypsies and many more factions of society? they asked. Without command the entire group of students returned the salute. It was something we all wanted to forget. In our own personal habits and way of life. The question here is not why but how the German people came to support the Nazi regime. Feel strong and in control of destiny. The rewards they were accustomed to winning just didn't exist in the experiment. No. I enjoyed the unified action demonstrated by the students. Juden, Kommunisten, Zigeuner, Schwarzethere were labels for people according to what kind of offence or threat they posed to the regime so that everyone would know their place in society. I called his wife and with the help of a neighbor walked him home. My heart was pounding. [1] Jones wrote a detailed recollection of the experiment some nine years afterward. Many students outside the class asked if they could join. He will explain all the things that he was able to manipulate the kids into doing which seems like would've taken weeks or months and claim it only took one day. It shows why the people were able to pretend and why they followed him right now i am learning about the holocaust and reading this made me understand why they followed him they followed him to feel like they fit in or were needed what that teacher did was a good way to teach his kids. They possessed a silent confidence and took pleasure in a school setting that gave them academic and leadership opportunity. We just stood there exchanging smiles when without a conscious command I raised my hand in curved position. Afraid that if I stopped someone would laugh or ask a question and the grand scheme would dissolve in chaos. Class expanded from its initial 30 students to a total of 43. The salute was give. As abruptly as it started the film froze to a halt on a single written frame. 6. The room sweat and smelt like a locker room. it went something like this. As the class period was ending and without forethought I created a class salute. The group seemed to be composed of students from many persuasions. For 50 years, the conclusions of such experiments have indicated a certain interpretation of the banality of evil, which is that in each ordinary person there resides a capacity for committing atrocities when confronted with an authority figure. "Strength Through Community." 'Lesson Plan' is a documentary featuring interviews of the original students and teacher of the 1967 Third Wave experiment. While the class sat at attention I gave each person a card. Proper seating became the most important aspect of learning. Robert was big for his age and displayed very few academic skills. Returning once again to the analyses made by Haslam, we can formulise different conclusions to the Third Wave Experiment which itself relates closely to other experiments and studies being made in the post-war years. You won't admit to participating in this madness. Tyranny evidently takes hold easier and with much more force than we can imagine, since these students were of course not threatened with their lives, unlike the German people under Nazi rule. The Third Wave had become the center of their existence. I felt air rush back into the room. It was a full page color advertisement in the current issue of Time for some lumber products. A new member had only to be recommended by an existing member and issued a card by me. You are no better or worse than the German Nazis we have been studying. The room stayed dark as the final footage of film flapped against the projector. They even seemed to be asking better questions and treating each other with more compassion. [9] Jones created a salute involving a cupped hand reaching across the chest toward the opposite shoulder,[9] resembling a Hitler salute. This incidence of monitoring meant that half the class now considered it their duty to observe and report on members of their class. On Tuesday, the only thing that allowed them all to fit was the third wave experiment unethical gradual in! Could they have lived alongside the slaughter of Jews, communists, gypsies and many more of... N'T want to admit to participating in this madness people will accept forethought I created class. 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